江苏省中国古琴史记（十一）：中华民国

清末，战乱频仍、社会转型以及古琴自身局限，使其艺术传承陷入困境。民国初年，得益于富商巨贾的鼎力支持，全国举办了两次规模较大的琴会。1919年8月25日，苏州“怡园琴会”率先举行。随后，盐商周庆云、报界要人史量才等在上海“晨风庐”主办了规模更大的琴会，会期3天，期间还散发了周庆云主编的《琴史补》等著作。

1917年，康有为引荐诸城琴派的王宾鲁至南京高等师范传授琴艺，徐卓、邵森学成出师。“五四”运动后，徐、邵门徒渐多，形成了颇具影响力的“梅庵琴派”。1919年8月，北京大学成立音乐研究会，聘请王露为古琴导师，但王露次年因病去世，后由杨宗稷接任。

1919年苏州怡园琴会后三五年间，北京“嶽云琴会”、长沙“愔愔琴社”等地区性琴会和琴人结社相继成立。1936年，查阜西与多位琴家在上海组织成立了“今虞琴社”，并编印出版了《今虞琴刊》，对近现代琴史产生了深远影响。

40年代后，战乱使大量名琴、琴谱毁于战火，琴家流离失所。即便如此，查阜西、徐元白等琴家仍在重庆成立了“天风琴社”。1947年，张伯驹等北京琴家发起成立了“北平琴学社”，即后来北京古琴研究会的前身。

建国后，古琴音乐得到政府重视，相关部门调查、收集、整理了民间传谱，录制了音响，发掘了《广陵散》等失传琴曲，培养了古琴音乐人才，为古琴音乐的未来发展奠定了基础。1977年，美国宇航局“旅行者号”向太空发射的金唱片中，收录了古琴曲《流水》。2003年11月7日，中国古琴被正式列入世界第二批“人类口头与非物质文化遗产”名录。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to frequent wars, social transformation, and the limitations of the guqin itself, the art of guqin was on the verge of being lost. In the early years of the Republic of China, thanks to the strong support of wealthy merchants, two large-scale qin conferences were held nationwide. On August 25, 1919, the "Yiyuan Qin Conference" was held in Suzhou first. Subsequently, salt merchants Zhou Qingyun, press magnates Shi Liangcai and others hosted a larger qin conference at "Chenfenglou" in Shanghai, with a 3-day session, during which Zhou Qingyun's edited works such as "Qin Shi Bu" were distributed.

In 1917, Kang Youwei recommended Wang Binlu of the Zhucheng Qin School to teach qin art at Nanjing Higher Normal School, and Xu Zhuo and Shao Sen graduated successfully. After the "May Fourth" Movement, the disciples of Xu and Shao gradually increased, forming the influential "Meian Qin School" in modern times. In August 1919, Peking University established the Music Research Association and hired Wang Lu as the qin tutor, but Wang Lu died of illness the following year, and later Yang Zongji took over.

Three to five years after the Yiyuan Qin Conference in Suzhou in 1919, regional qin conferences and qin players' associations of different scales and forms were successively established in some large and medium-sized cities across the country, such as the "Yueyun Qin Conference" in Beijing, the "Yinyin Qin Society" in Changsha, etc. In 1936, Zhang Fuxi and other qin players organized the "Jin Yu Qin Society" in Shanghai, and compiled and published the "Jin Yu Qin Journal", which had a profound impact on the modern and contemporary qin history.

After the 1940s, frequent wars caused a large number of famous qins and qin scores to be destroyed in the war, and qin players were displaced. Even so, qin players such as Zhang Fuxi and Xu Yuanbai still established the "Tianfeng Qin Society" in Chongqing. In 1947, Beijing qin players such as Zhang Boju initiated the establishment of the "Beiping Qin Study Society", which is the predecessor of the Beijing Guqin Research Association after liberation.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, guqin music was valued by the government. Relevant departments investigated, collected, and sorted out folk qin scores, recorded sound, excavated lost qin pieces such as "Guangling San", cultivated guqin music talents, and laid the foundation for the future development of guqin music. In 1977, the gold disc launched into space by the US "Voyager" contained the guqin piece "Flowing Water". On November 7, 2003, Chinese guqin was officially listed in the second batch of the world's "intangible cultural heritage" list.